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Současné počasí houbám přeje.

27. 08. 2010 | Roman Kurucz

Díky srážkám a příznivým teplotám je nyní velmi příznivá situace pro houbaře po celé naší republice. Houby rostou téměř všude a to i na místech, kde se za normálních okolností obvykle nevyskytují.

Houby (Fungi, dříve Mycophyta) představují velkou skupinu živých organismů dříve řazenou k rostlinám, ale nyní vyčleněnou jako samostatnou říši. Je známo kolem 1 500 000 druhů hub. V České republice je zjištěno asi 10 000 druhů. Jsou mimo jiné bohaté na vitamíny a minerální látky (zdroj: cs.wikipedia.org).

Mykologové radí, že pro sběr hub jsou ideální smíšené lesy pro svou rozmanitost (rostou zde např. hřiby dubové, kozáky, holubinky, lišky, babky). Pro hřibovité houby jsou však prý nejlepší jehličnaté lesy (smrkový a hnědý hřib).

Ve smíšených listnatých lesích roste od časného léta až do pozdního podzimu smrtelně nebezpečná Muchomůrka zelená – Amanita phalloides. Je to nejjedovatější známá houba a zatím nebyla nalezena protilátka proti jejímu jedu, který působí na organismus okamžitě. Otrava se poté rozšíří do celého těla a bez včasné lékařské pomoci zničí člověku játra.

Mezi další smrtelně jedovaté houby patří například Muchomůrka jízlivá, Muchomůrka tygrovaná, Čepičatka jehličnanová, Závojenka olovová, či Čechratka podvinutá.

Další jedovatou, a u nás asi nejznámější houbou, je Muchomůrka červená – Amanita Muscaria. Její jedy působí na centrální nervovou soustavu a vyvolávají její otravu podobnou opilosti, projevující se halucinacemi a euforií. Příznaky otravy obvykle zmizí během dvanácti hodin, ačkoliv jed ještě zůstává v těle po několik měsíců.

Ročně se v Česku přiotráví houbami kolem 400 lidí, zemřou maximálně čtyři.

Sběr hub ve světě, podobně jako u nás, kdy jednotlivci, rodina, či známí vyrazí do lesa, většinou není běžný. Podobní jsou nám jen Slováci, Poláci a Ukrajinci. Vše vychází také z historie, kdy byl dříve sběr hub obživou a pak se z něj stala tradice. Ve středověku se houbám říkalo maso chudých.

Pokud pomineme houby jako prostředek k nasycení, tedy cíl všech houbařů – houby jedlé, zbývá ještě kategorie druhá, která bývá často terčem pro boty lesních návštěvníků a to houby nejedlé, či přímo jedovaté. Některé jedovatě zbarvené houby však mohou být i jedlé, je zde však zapotřebí zkušenost, atlas hub ne vždy může stačit.

Pro svou barevnost jsou však pěkným objektem pro zachycení na film, či čip fotoaparátu. Několik houbiček z obou táborů ne/jedlosti jsme pro vás vyfotili v Klánovickém lese.

Fotografie a text: Roman Kurucz
e-mail: kurucz@cbox.cz
(fotografováno dne 20. 8. 2010, 11.00 až 14.00 hod.)

Odkazy:
Česká mykologická společnost.

cs.wikipedia.org – Houby

atlas hub – www.houbar.cz.

atlas hub – hobby.idnes.cz.

atlas hub – whouby.naturfoto.cz.

atlas hub – houby.gnosis9.net.

atlas hub – www.myko.estranky.cz.

Na houbách s mykologem: Kdo ví, jak hledat, ten domů vždycky něco přinese (hobby.idnes.cz).

Houbařská sezona 2010 (www.horydoly.cz).

Kam na houby (in.ihned.cz).

Rok 2009: Letos se přiotrávilo houbami na 150 lidí (hobby.idnes.cz).

Otrava houbami se může projevit až za 48 hodin (zdravi.denik.cz).

Počasí houbám přeje, rostou i v Praze (prazsky.denik.cz).

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